Ex cathedra is a Latin expression that does not mean „of the cathedral“ but „of the chair“. However, the term has religious origins: it was originally applied to decisions made by popes from their thrones. According to Roman Catholic doctrine, a pope who speaks ex cathedra on matters of faith or morality is infallible. In everyday language, the term is used in reference to statements made by people in positions of authority, and it is often used ironically to describe someone who speaks with arrogance or unwarranted assurance. V. the sufficiency of Sacred Scripture for salvation. Sacred Scripture contains all that is necessary for salvation; so that all that is not read therein, and which cannot be proved by it, cannot be required of any man that it be believed as an article of faith, or considered necessary or necessary for salvation. This is disputed by others, especially the Gallicans. [82] Bismarck`s attention was also captivated by fear of what he saw as the desire of the international Catholic Church to control national Germany through the papal claim to infallibility proclaimed in 1870.
If, as has been argued, there was no papal desire for international political hegemony, and Bismarck`s opposition to this can be described as shadow boxing, many statesmen of the time were convinced by the chancellor. The result was the Kulturkampf, which, with its largely Prussian measures, supplemented by similar actions in several other German states, sought to contain the clerical danger by laws limiting the political power of the Catholic Church. [121] Papal infallibility is a dogma of the Roman Catholic Church, which asserts that when the pope speaks ex cathedra, by virtue of Jesus` promise to Peter, he is saved from the possibility of a doctrinal error „originally given to the Apostolic Church and transmitted in Scripture and Tradition.“ [1] A British Prime Minister, William Ewart Gladstone, publicly attacked the First Vatican Council, declaring that Catholics.“ loses their moral and spiritual freedom.“ He published a pamphlet entitled Vatican Decrees in Their Scope on Civil Allegiance, in which he described the Catholic Church as „an Asian monarchy“: nothing but a dizzying height of despotism and a dead level of religious submission. He went on to claim that the pope wanted to destroy the rule of law and replace it with arbitrary tyranny, and then hide it. Crimes against freedom under a suffocating cloud of incense. [118] Cardinal Newman responded with his letter to the Duke of Norfolk. In the letter, he argues that conscience, which is supreme, does not contradict papal infallibility – although he makes a toast: „I will drink to the pope if you will – again, first to the conscience and then to the pope.“ [119] He later explained that „the Vatican Council has left the Pope as he found him,“ convinced that the definition was very moderate and precise in terms of what can be concretely declared infallible. [120] Prior to 1870, belief in papal infallibility was not a definite requirement of the Catholic faith, although it was common at many times and in areas with different meanings. Moreover, it should not be assumed that what has been claimed or denied as papal infallibility corresponds to modern doctrine with its particular limitations („no new doctrine“) and application (ex cathedra, faith and morality, etc.).
In the French context of Jansenism, a debate about infallibility was to deny that the pope was infallible in terms of facts and not just rights (doctrine). In the Irish-British context, statements denying papal infallibility concern the pope`s authority to overthrow states, commit religious genocide, or demand treason. Pope John Paul II`s assertion of the „doctrine of grave immorality of the direct and wilful murder of an innocent human being“[67] and „that euthanasia is a grave violation of God`s law, since it is the deliberate and morally unacceptable murder of a human person“[75] has also been similarly cited by the Congregation (i.e., infallible, although it is not taught ex cathedra). [67] If in 1995 no one pays attention, if Rome bangs its fist and says: „This is infallible“, what can we conclude? We can conclude that we are witnessing perhaps the greatest real decline in papal authority that has ever taken place in history. Descriptive term for an official statement by the pope. Ex cathedra means „of the chair“ in Latin. Roman Catholics believe that the pope speaks infallibly when he speaks ex cathedra on matters of faith or morality, as when Pope Pius XII declared in 1950 that Mary, the mother of Jesus, was physically taken to heaven after her death. We teach and define that it is a divinely revealed dogma that when the Roman Pontiff speaks ex cathedra, that is, when he exercises the function of pastor and physician of all Christians, by virtue of his supreme apostolic authority, he defines a doctrine on the faith or morals to be represented by the universal Church. possesses, through the divine assistance promised to him in Blessed Peter, the infallibility with which the divine Saviour wanted his Church to be endowed with the definition of the doctrine of faith or morals, and that, therefore, such definitions of the Roman pope are irreformable by himself and not by the consent of the Church.
The doctrine of papal infallibility, the Latin expression ex cathedra (literally „of the chair“), was adopted by Pius IX in 1870. proclaimed as „when [the Bishop of Rome], in the exercise of his ministry as pastor and teacher of all Christians, by virtue of his supreme apostolic authority, defines a doctrine on faith or morals to be defended by the whole Church.“ [29] According to the teaching of the First Vatican Council and Catholic tradition, the conditions of the pontifical teaching ex cathedra are as follows: the response demanded by the faithful has been qualified as „consent“ in the case of ex cathedra declarations by popes and „due respect“ in relation to their other declarations. [30] „Ex cathedra“. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ex%20cathedra. Retrieved 15 October 2022. Catholic theologians agree that Pope Pius IX`s definition of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of Mary in 1854 and Pope Pius XII`s definition of the dogma of the Assumption of Mary in 1950 are examples of papal infallibility. Both followed a broad consultation with the bishops to find out if these teachings were already believed throughout the world. [7] However, theologians disagree on which other documents are qualified. Literally „from the chair“, a theological term that denotes an authoritative doctrine and applies in particular to the definitions of the Roman pope. Originally the name of the seat occupied by a professor or bishop, cathedra was later used to designate the magisterium or teaching authority. The term ex cathedra appears in the writings of medieval theologians and more frequently in the discussions that arose after the Reformation concerning papal prerogatives.
But its present meaning was formally established by the Vatican Council, Sess. IV, Const. de Ecclesiâ Christi, c. iv: „We teach and define that it is a divinely revealed dogma that the Roman Pope, when he speaks ex cathedra, that is, when he exercises the function of pastor and physician of all Christians, by virtue of his highest apostolic authority, should define a doctrine on the faith or morals to be represented by the universal Church. possesses, through the divine assistance promised to him in Blessed Peter, the infallibility with which the divine Saviour wanted his Church to be endowed with the definition of the doctrine of faith or morals, and that, therefore, such definitions of the Roman pope are irreformable by himself and not by the consent of the Church. (See INFALLIBILITY; POPE.) As with all charisms, the Church teaches that the charism of papal infallibility must be properly recognized, if only by Church leaders. [19] [20] The way to know if something a pope says is infallible or not is to recognize whether it is ex cathedra teachings. The teachings of all the bishops of the Church are also considered infallible, especially, but not only, in an ecumenical council[21] (see Infallibility of the Church). These sample phrases are automatically selected from various online information sources to reflect the current use of the word „ex cathedra“. The views expressed in the examples do not represent the views of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us your feedback. The 1830 edition of Berrington and Kirk`s Faith of Catholics states: „Papal definitions or decrees, in whatever form, drawn exclusively from a general council or from the acceptance of the Church, do not bind anyone under threat of heresy to inner consent.“ [83] Schatz refers to „[…].